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Runtime strategy

This page is the authoritative statement of kobe's runtime direction. If any other document disagrees with it, this page wins.

kobe's value is the fleet layer — pools, leases, multi-backend admission, GitOps, golden images, observability — kept uniform across runtimes. The runtimes themselves are deliberately pluggable, and the strategy is two-pronged:

Density: vcluster

For high-density, low-overhead virtual clusters (CI, ephemeral environments), kobe stands on vcluster (loft-sh, Apache 2.0) as the vcluster backend. The operator deploys one vcluster instance per ClusterInstance via the upstream Helm chart into a dedicated per-instance namespace.

Because this backend inherits vcluster's syncer semantics, it also inherits its fidelity boundaries (cloud identity such as IRSA, syncer coverage, version skew). Route tenants who need full-fidelity cluster semantics to an isolation-tier backend instead.

Isolation: pkobe (native)

For workloads that need real isolation and full API fidelity — dedicated control planes, real worker nodes, native RBAC/CSI/cloud-identity — kobe builds its own runtime: pkobe (dedicated control plane + real nodes, KubeVirt as the primary node provider). This is the backend kobe develops natively, and the roadmap's isolation tier. See the roadmap epic (#24) and the pkobe issue (#23).

Until pkobe lands, full isolation is served by the k3s / k0s backends (nested real clusters) — today's production path — and CAPI for provider-managed real infrastructure.

On hold: kobe-sync / vkobe

Development of the in-house proxy-based syncer runtime — the kobe-sync sidecar and the vkobe backend built on it — is on hold. Maintaining translation fidelity for the full Kubernetes resource surface is a whole product in itself, and current effort goes to the fleet layer, the vcluster backend, and pkobe instead.

The code remains in the tree and existing vkobe pools keep working, but no new functionality is being added while it is on hold — prefer vcluster for new density pools. Contributor guidance that presents kobe-sync as the actively developed runtime is stale — this page supersedes it.

Summary

NeedBackendStatus
Nested real clusters (CI today)k3s / k0sProduction
High density, low overheadvclusterAdopted
Full isolation, native fidelitypkobeIn design (#23)
Provider-managed real infracapiAvailable
Proxy-based virtual clustersvkobe (kobe-sync)On hold
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